Return Objective
Calculated based on wants and needs e.g. accumulation of wealth goals for retirement, financing child education etc
The return objective may be single stage or multi stage. eg. the investor may earn income upto retirement agressively investing in equities but after retirement his return objective could be lower focusing on higher income generating assets. this is a multi stage objective firstly to retirement and then post retirement.
If there are multiple goals, the investor may adopt a goals based asset allocation, targeting a certain return for each bucket - personal risk, market risk and aspyration.
Risk Tolerance
1) Willingness to take risk
2) Ability to take risk
Recommendation should not exceed willingness to take risk
Situational profiling:
Take into account:
a) Source of wealth - affects the willingness to take risk. if one inherits the wealth, he has lower willingness to take risk vs entrepreneur who actively earned his wealth and would be more willing to accept risk
b) Measure of wealth - affects both ability and willingness. if one views his wealth is high, he is likely more willing to accept risk. If objectively ones wealth is low, then his ability to tolerate risk is likely lower
c) Stage of life - ability to tolerate risk falls with age
Constraints
1) Time Horizon - if the investor is very young, he has a very long term time horizon and can accept more volatility in this portfolio
2) Liquidity - retired couples who rely on investment portfolio income would need more liquidity and therefore may not be able to invest in equities that dont pay dividends.
3) Tax - the investor may be in a high income tax bracket and therefore would benefit from investments generating returns from capital gains.
4) Unique Circumstances - e.g. special goal to make a payment or donation at a certain date
Calculated based on wants and needs e.g. accumulation of wealth goals for retirement, financing child education etc
The return objective may be single stage or multi stage. eg. the investor may earn income upto retirement agressively investing in equities but after retirement his return objective could be lower focusing on higher income generating assets. this is a multi stage objective firstly to retirement and then post retirement.
If there are multiple goals, the investor may adopt a goals based asset allocation, targeting a certain return for each bucket - personal risk, market risk and aspyration.
Risk Tolerance
1) Willingness to take risk
2) Ability to take risk
Recommendation should not exceed willingness to take risk
Situational profiling:
Take into account:
a) Source of wealth - affects the willingness to take risk. if one inherits the wealth, he has lower willingness to take risk vs entrepreneur who actively earned his wealth and would be more willing to accept risk
b) Measure of wealth - affects both ability and willingness. if one views his wealth is high, he is likely more willing to accept risk. If objectively ones wealth is low, then his ability to tolerate risk is likely lower
c) Stage of life - ability to tolerate risk falls with age
Constraints
1) Time Horizon - if the investor is very young, he has a very long term time horizon and can accept more volatility in this portfolio
2) Liquidity - retired couples who rely on investment portfolio income would need more liquidity and therefore may not be able to invest in equities that dont pay dividends.
3) Tax - the investor may be in a high income tax bracket and therefore would benefit from investments generating returns from capital gains.
4) Unique Circumstances - e.g. special goal to make a payment or donation at a certain date
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